Abraham Lincoln (born February 12, 1809) was president of the United States from 1861 until his shocking assassination on April 15, 1865. The colorful stories about Lincoln's life really are true: He was born in a log cabin and grew up on the American frontier, educated himself by reading borrowed books, and worked splitting fence rails and clerking in a general store, and then as a country lawyer, long before he became president. He served in the Illinois General Assembly for eight years and in the U.S. House of Representatives for one term (1847-49) before his election as the nation's first Republican president in 1860. As president he is best remembered for leading the Union through the Civil War and freeing Confederate slaves with the 1863 Emancipation Proclamation; for delivering the Gettysburg Address, the most famous oration in American history, on 19 November 1863; and for his tragic assassination by John Wilkes Booth at Ford's Theater in Washington, D.C. Upon Lincoln's death, Andrew Johnson assumed the presidency. The Lincoln Memorial, with its famous statue of Lincoln by Daniel Chester French, was dedicated in Washington in 1922. He appears on the U.S. penny and the five dollar bill.
He married Mary Anne Todd in 1842. Lincoln was preceded by James Buchanan, the only president to remain a bachelor for life. Lincoln was the first president to be born outside the original thirteen states. He was the first president to wear a beard while in office. Lincoln's oldest son, Robert Todd Lincoln, was present at three assassinations: his father's, President Garfield's in 1881 and President McKinley's in 1901. A famous (and enormous) biography of Lincoln was written by 20th-century author Carl Sandburg. Lincoln was the 16th president.
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